Non-finite Verbs
Non-finite Verb: Subject Gi
Number
I Person Abyhvqx
†h verb cwiewZ©Z
nq bv , Zv‡K Non-Finite Verb e‡j| †hgbt
Tohfa came to meet me. We saw a singing bird.
To tell a lie a
great sin. A sleeping
cat never catches a rat. He dreams of going to
America. A word spoken
never returns.
Non Finite verb wZb cÖKvi| h_vt
A. Infinitive B.
Participle C. Gerund
A. Infinitive (to+ PV based form) : Verb Gi Present iƒ‡ci mv‡_
to hy³ Ki‡j †h iƒc MwVZ nq, Zv‡K
Infinitive e‡j|
†hgbt
Tohfa came to
meet me.
All students of
Somoy Academy want to make a good result.
Infinitive Gi e¨envit
i) Verb Gi
Subject/object/complement wn‡m‡e|
To err is human.
To forgive is divine.
They expect
to succeed.
An honest
man does not fear to die.
He appears
to be a wise man.
They
ordered him to be punished.
ii) Preposition Gi
object wn‡m‡e|
He is about
to die.
They came
to see the sports.
iii) be + infinitive.
He is to do the walk.
iv) Too/enough Gi mv‡_
Infinitive.
He is too
weak to walk
He is
enough to carry the load.
B. Participle: Verb Gi †h iƒc GKB mv‡_
Verb I
Adjective Gi
KvR K‡i, Zv‡K Participle e‡j| †hgbt We saw a singing bird.
Lost health can hardly be recovered.
Participle wZb cÖKvi| h_vt
1. Present Participle
2. Past Participle 3. Perfect
Participle
1. Present Participle
: Verb +ing n‡q hLb Zv GKB mv‡_ Verb I Adjective Gi KvR
K‡i, Zv‡K Present Participle e‡j| †hgbt
I like exciting
games.
2. Past Participle : Verb Gi
Past Participle form hLb Adjective Gi KvR K‡i , ZLb Zv‡K Past
Participle e‡j|
†hgbt
I need a washed
car.
3. Perfect Participle: Having + Past
Participle n‡j
Zv‡K Perfect Participle e‡j| †hgbt Having
finished the work, I went
there.
Participle Gi
e¨envit
i) Relative Pronoun/clause †K AcmviY Ki‡Z|
a. A map that marks political
boundaries is clear.
A map making political boundaries is clear. (Relative Pronoun)
b. He opened the door and took
out a bag.
Opening the
door, he took out a bag.
ii) Have + object + Participle.
He had me swimming in a week.
we have people standing there.
C. Gerund: Verb
+ing n‡q
hLb Zv GKB mv‡_ Verb I Noun Gi KvR
K‡i, Zv‡K Gerund e‡j| †hgbt Walking is a good
exercise.
Eating vitamins ids good for health.
Writing makes a man perfect.
Running in the sun is bad for health.
Sleeping is necessary to life.
Gerund Gi e¨envit
i) Verb Gi Subject wn‡m‡e|
Swimming is
a good exercise.
ii) Transitive Verb Gi object wn‡m‡e|
He enjoys
playing football.
iii) Preposition Gi object wn‡m‡e|
She is bent
on doing this.
iv) Incomplete Verb Gi Complement wn‡m‡e|
Her hobby
is reading novels.
v) Compound Noun Gi Ask wn‡m‡e|
That is his
dining room.
*Difference
between Gerund and infinitive
|
Infinitive |
Gerund |
|
To walk is good for
health |
Walking is good for
health |
|
They
like to play cricket |
They
like playing cricket. |
I
like the reading of history.(the….v+ing…of=Verbal noun)
I
like reading history.(gerund)
Difference between
Gerund and Participle
|
Gerund |
Participle |
|
I
am tired of walking |
I
saw him walking in the park |
|
Stop
writing |
He
stopped writing |
At
a glance
|
infinitive |
gerund |
participle |
|
To
smoke is a bad habit |
Smoking
is a bad habit |
I
found him smoking a cigarette |
|
He
wants to eat fruits |
He
likes eating fruits |
Eating
fruits, he went outside |
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