Narration
Narration : e³vi e³e¨‡K A‡b¨i wbKU eY©bv Kiv‡K Narration e‡j|
Direct
Narration: e³vi e³e¨ ûeû A‡b¨i wbKU eY©bv Kviv n‡j
Zv‡K Direct
Narration e‡j| †hgbt
Rahim said, " I
am well" (iwng ejj, "Avwg fv‡jv
AvwQ|")
Reporting speech Reported speech
Indirect
Narration: e³vi e³e¨ ci¶fv‡e
A‡b¨i wbKU Dc¯’vcb Kiv‡K Indirect
Narration e‡j| †hgbt
Rahim
said that he was well. (iwng ejj
†h, †m fvj Av‡Q|)
Change of
Tense
|
Reported Speech (Direct) |
Reported Speech (Indriect) |
|
Present Indefinite |
Past Indefinite |
|
Present Continuous |
Past Continuous |
|
Present Perfect |
Past Perfect |
|
Present Perfect Continuous |
Past Perfect Continuous |
|
Past Indefinite |
Past Perfect |
|
Past Continuous |
Past Perfect Continuous |
|
Past Perfect |
Past Perfect Continuous |
|
Past Perfect Continuous |
Past Perfect Continuous |
|
Future Tense |
Future in the past |
Changing
Person
|
Reported
Speech G 1st Person n‡j |
Reporting
Gi Sub Abyhvqx |
|
Reported
Speech G 2nd Person n‡j |
Reporting
Gi Obj Abyhvqx |
|
Reported
Speech G 3rd Person n‡j |
Unchanged
|
Change of
Modal Auxiliaries Verbs
|
Will/ Shall |
Would/Should |
Should/Would |
No Change |
|
Can / May |
Could/ Might |
Might/Could |
No Change |
|
Should have/ Could have |
Should had/ Could had |
Ought to Should |
No Change |
|
Had better |
No Change |
Wish/ Would rather |
No Change |
|
Ought to |
No Change |
If is time, sooner, |
No Change |
|
Used to |
No Change |
Must |
Have to/had to/ has to |
Change of
Some Words
|
This |
That |
Today |
That day |
|
These |
Those |
Tomorrow |
The next / following day |
|
Here |
There |
Yesterday |
The previous day |
|
Ago |
Before |
To night |
That night |
|
Come |
Go |
Last night |
The previous night |
|
Thus/now |
So/ Then |
Last month |
The previous month |
|
Either |
Neither |
Next week |
The following week |
|
Good Morning/night |
Wish |
So |
That is why |
Narration At a glance
Reported Speech
Gi Sentence Gi Dci wfwË K‡i Reporting
Verb wbgœ wjwLZ fv‡e cwiewZ©Z nq|
|
|
Direct Gi Reported Gi Speech |
Indirect narration Gi Reporting verb |
|
|
1 |
Assertive |
Tell/told (object _vK‡j ) say/said (object bv _vK‡j ) , remark, hope, believe, comment declare, affirm. |
that |
|
2 |
Interrogative |
ask, enquire of, want to know. |
a) AV _vK‡j : if/ whether b) Whether word ( `ywU wel‡qi GKwU‡K Choice Kivi Bw½Z _vK‡j|) c) Question word ‡hgb t What, which, when,
where, why, whose, who, whom, how BZ¨vw`
_vK‡j †mB Question word wUB
em‡e| |
|
3 |
Imperative |
Prohibit
order, request, advise, entreat, forbid, propose, suggest, ask, beg,command,
tell. |
a) Affi:- to + verb b) Neg:- not to + verb c) Let me/him _vK‡j: that........ might d) Let us _vK‡j
(hw` cÖ¯’ve eySvq): that
..... should + V e) bvg ev m‡¤¢vab m~PK kã _vK‡jt wb‡Pi
Rule †`L| |
|
4 |
Optative |
Wish ( God
ev Allah D‡jL bv _vK‡j) Pray (God ev Allah
D‡jL
_vK‡j) bid (we`vq eySv‡Z) |
That….. might/may +
V |
|
5 |
Exclamatory |
Exclaim in
joy, sorrow, wonder, grief, delight, regret, hatred, swear, applaud. |
that |
Rules Of
Changing Narration
Assertive
Sentence
1. Rule:
Sub + Say /said + that + Reported speech Gi Sub + Verb +
Ext.
Ex:
D: Karim said, “I have come.”
I: Karim said that he had
gone.
D: He said, “I am going.”
I: He said that he was going.
D: Rahim said, “I am going to school.”
I: Rahim said that he was going to school.
D: He said, “I shall give you a pen.”
I: He said that he would give me a pen.
D: He said, “I ate rice.”
I: He said that he had eaten rice.”
D: He said, “I was eating rice.”
I: He said that he had been eating rice.
D: The teacher said, “The earth is round.”
I: The teacher said that the earth is round.
D: He said, “Honesty is the best policy.”
I: He said that honesty is the best policy.
D: He said, “I will eat rice.”
I: He said that he would eat rice.
D: I said to him, “He stole his watch.”
I: I told him that he had stolen his watch.
2. Rule: Sub + tell/told +
obj + that + Reported speech Gi Sub + Verb +
Ext.
Ex: D:
Karim said to me , “I am ill.”
I: Karim told me that he was ill.
#### Tell/ Told verb wU
Transitive verb ZvB Gici to e‡m bv|
###
Reporting verb wU
Present/ Future tense ev wPiš—b
mZ¨ n‡j Reported speech Gi Tense Gi cwieZ©b nq bv|
Ex: D: He says, “I am ill.”
I:
He says that he is ill.
D:
He will say, “I will/ shall go home.
I: He will say that he will go home.
D:
The Teacher said,” We are mortal.”
I: The Teacher said that
we are mortal.
D: He said to me, “You
are my brother.”
I: He told me that I was
his brother.
(Assertive Sentences)
Change the following
sentences into Indirect Speech.
1. Boys said, “It
has been raining since morning and we cannot play.”
1 2 3
4 5
Boys said that it had
been raining since morning and they could
not play.”
1 2 3
4 5
2. She said to him, “I am leaving now and shall return
after two hours.”
She told
him that she was leaving then and would return after two hours.
3. The girl said to me,” My father went to the market and
brought toys for me.”
The girl
told me that her father had gone to the market and had brought toys for her.
4. Her husband said to her, “I shall not go to the
office today as I am not feeling well.
Her husband
told her that he would not go to the office that day as he was not
feeling well.
5. My father said to me, “I fear that you have caught
cold again.”
My father told me that he feared that
I had caught cold again.
6. His brother said to me, “I am not going to attend the
meeting today.”
His brother told
me that he was not going to attend the meeting that day.
7. She said to him, ”Love begets love.”
She told
him that love begets love.
8. The inspector said to the people, “We have
caught the thief and he will be brought to book
soon.”
The inspector told the people that they
had caught the thief and he would be brought to book soon.
9. The teacher said, “Boys, I shall give you a test
in English today.”
The teacher
told the boys that he would give them a test in English that day.
10. My friend said to me, “I am going to my house now. I
shall call on you tomorrow.”
My friend told me that he was going to
his house then and he would call on me the next day.
Interrogative
3. Rule: (hw` A.V w`‡q cÖkœwU nq|)
Sub + asked/inquire of/want to/
know/demand/wonder + odj
+ if/ whether + Reported speech Gi
Sub + Ext.
Ex: D: He said to me, “Are you reading
my book?”
I: He asked me if I was
reading his book.
D: He said to me, “Are
you ill?”
I: He asked me if I was
ill.
D: He said to me, “Do you
know me?”
I: He asked me if I knew
him.
D: He said to me, “Is not
your name Tohfa?”
I: He enquired of me
whether my name was not Tohfa.
4. Rule: Would, Please,
Kindly etc webq A‡_© n‡j Politely e‡m|
Sub + asked + odj
+ Politely + if/whether
+ Reported
speech Gi Sub +
Ext.
Ex: D:
He said, “Would you accompany me, please?”
I: He asked me politely
if I would accompany him.
D: He said, “Will you
give me a glass of water, please?”
I: He asked me politely
if I would give him a glass of water.
5. Rule: (WH Qus w`‡q cÖkœ n‡j : Wh
qus. AcwiewZ©Z
_vK‡e|)
Sub + asked/inquire of/want to/
know/demand/wonder + odj
+ Wh Qus. + Reported speech Gi Sub +
Ext.
Ex: D: He
said to me, “What is your name?
I: He asked what my name
was.
D: He said to me, “Where
are you going?”
I: He asked me where I
was going.
Change the following sentences into Indirect Speech
1. His wife said to him, “Do you know
that my servant maid stole
1
2 3 4 5
our money?”
His wife asked
him if he knew that her servant maid had stolen
their money.
1
2. Her friend said to her, “Can you spare your book for
me for a week?”
Her friend
asked her if she could spare her book for her for a week.
3. She said to him, “Can I do anything for you? Will you
mind my extending help to
you?”
She asked him if
she could do anything for him and if he would mind her extending help to
him.
4. His mother said to him, “Will you come home in the
evening in time?”
His mother asked him if he would come home in
the evening in time.
5. The old man said to the child, “Why did you break this
window pane?”
The old man asked the child why he had
broken that window pane.
6. The teacher said , “Boys, what are you doing here? Why
do you not go to your class rooms?”
The teacher asked the boys what
they were doing there and why they did not go to their class rooms.
7. Her brother said to her, “What present should I bring
for you when I return from
Her brother asked her what present he should
bring for her when he returned from
8. The rich man said to the beggar, “Why do you not do
any work? Do you not feel ashamed in begging alms from others?”
The rich man asked the beggar why he did not
do any work and if he did not feel ashamed in begging alms from others.
9. Boys said to the teacher, “When do you intend to start
the class today?”
Boys asked the teacher when he
intended to start the class that day.
10. The traveler asked the cab man, “How long will you
take to
reach the destination?
Can't you drive the cab a little faster?”
The traveler asked the cabman how long he
would take to reach the destination and if he could not drive the cab a
little faster.
11. The customer said to the shopkeeper, “What
is the price of this article? Can you give me two of these
articles?”
The customer asked the shopkeeper what the
price of that article was and if he could give him two of those articles.
12. The old lady said, “Can you tell me where
does this road lead to? Will you guide my way to the railway
station, young man?”
The old lady asked the young man if he could
tell her where that road led to and if he would guide her way to the
railway station.
13. The priest said, “Where does this young lady come
from? Can you tell me this, gentleman?
The priest asked the gentleman where that
young lady came from and if he could tell him that.
11. Shylock said “ How can you call me a cheat
? Will you not pay me my dues according to the deed, Portia ?”
Shylock asked Portia how she could call
him a cheat and if she would not pay him his dues according to the deed.
12.His friend said to him, “Did I not warn you against this before hand?”
His friend asked him if he had not warned him
against that before hand.
13. John said to his sister, “Is it not a surprise to see
your friend here today?”
John asked his sister if it was
not a surprise to see her friend there that day.
14. The doctor said to his patient, “Are you taking
medicine prescribed to you
regularly?”
The doctor asked his patient if he was taking
medicine prescribed to him regularly.
15. She said to me,” Do you know how to swim?”
She asked me if I knew how to swim.
16.The captain said to the players, “Will you put your
heart and soul in playing the game so that we may win the match?”
The captain asked the players if they would put
their heart and soul in playing the game so that they might win the match.
17. The stranger said to the lady,” Have you ever been to
The stranger asked the lady if she had
ever been to
Imperative Sentences
6. Rule: Reported Speech wU Affirmative
n‡jt
Sub +
requested/ordered/advised/command/begged + obj + to + Reported speech Gi verb
+Ext.
Ex: D: He said to me, “Please give me a glass of
water.”
I: He requested me to give
him a glass of water.
7. Rule: Reported Speech wU Negative n‡jt
Sub
+ requested/ordered/advised/command/begged + obj + not + to + Reported speech Gi
verb +Ext.
Ex: D:
The Doctor said to the patient, “Don’t smoke.”
I: The Doctor advised the patient not to
smoke.
8. Rule: bvg
m~PK †Kvb e¨w³ _K‡jt
Sub
+ requested/ordered/advised/command/begged + bvg
m~PK e¨w³ + to + Reported speech Gi
verb +Ext.
Ex:
D: He said to me, “Anis, Come
here.” I: He ordered Anis to come
here.
9. Rule: bvg
Qvov Ab¨ wKQz _vK‡jt
Addressing
+ Reporting Gi obj + as + m‡¤^vab
m~PK kã + Reporting Gi sub + requested/ordered/advised/command/begged +
obj + to + Reported speech Gi verb +Ext.
Ex: D: He
said to them, “Friends, Please help me.”
I: Addressing them as
friends he requested them to help him.
D: The servant said to the
master, “Sir, kindly pardon me.”
I: Addressing the master
as sir the servant humbly begged him to pardon him.
D: He said to me, “Stop
you, villain.”
I: Addressing me as
villain he ordered me to stop.
10.
Rule: Let us _vK‡j (hw`
cÖ¯’ve eySvq):
Sub + Proposed/Suggest + that + they/we +should + Reported speech Gi
verb +Ext.
Ex: D: He
said, “Let us go out for a walk.”
I: He proposed that they
should go out for a walk.
D: He said to me, “Let us
discuss the matter.”
I: He proposed that we
should discuss the matter.”
A_ev,
Sub + suggested/requested +obj + Reported speech Gi
verb+ ing +Ext.
Ex: D: I
said to him, “Let us play.”
I: I requested him playing.
11. Let me/him _vK‡j:
Sub
+ Wished/requested + obj +that + Reported speech Gi sub
+might+ Reported verb +ext.
Ex: D: He said, “Let him do the work.”
Change the following
sentences into Indirect Speech
1.
The land lord said to his servant, “Go away and leave the
room at
1 2 3
once."
The land lord ordered his servant
to go away and leave the room at
once.
1 2 3
4
2.
She said to her maid servant, “Bring me a glass of water."
She ordered her maid servant to bring her a glass of water.
3.
The priest said to the boys, “Do not while away your
time."
1 2 3 4 5
The priest advised
the boys not to while away
their time.
1 2 3 4 5
4.
Mother said to her son."Work hard lest you should fail."
Mother advised her son to work hard lest he should fail.
5.
The doctor said to the patient, “Do not smoke."
The
doctor advised the patient not to smoke.
6.
The clerk said to the man, “Do not disturb me. Mind your own business."
The clerk forbade the man to
disturb him and advised him to mind his own business.
7.
The officer said to the peon."Let the visitor come in."
The officer told the peon to let
the visitor come in. OR
The officer told the
peon that the visitor might be allowed to come in.
8. The father said to his son, “Let us go out
for a walk."
1 2 3 4
The father suggested to his son that
they should go out for a walk.
1 2 3
4
9. The girl said to her friend," Please show me your purse.
"
The girl requested her friend to show her her purse.
10. The man said to me," Let us wait for our turn."
The man proposed to me that we should wait for
our turn.
Optative Sentence
12.
Rule:
Sub + Wish/pray + that + Reported sub+ might/may + Verb + Ext.
Ex: D:
Father said to me, “May you pass the
examination.”
I: Father prayed that I might pass the examination.
D: My mother said, “May you live long.”
I: My mother wished that I might live long.
D: Mother said to me, “May God help you.”
I: Mother prayed that god might help me.
Exclamatory Sentence
13.
Rule:
Sub
+ Exclaimed with joy/sorrow/surprise +that + Reported sub + Reported verb +Ext.
Ex: D: Rina said, “How helpless I am!”
I: Rina exclaimed with sorrow that she was
very helpless.
###
How, What _vK‡j very, much, great e‡m|
Ex: D:
Ratri said, “What a fine bird it is!”
I: Ratri exclaimed with
joy that it was a very fine bird.
Change the following sentences into Indirect Speech
1. The woman said, “What a beautiful child this is!
The woman exclaimed with surprised that
child was very beautiful.
2. His aunt said, “What a pleasant surprise to see you
here!”
His aunt exclaimed with surprised that
it was a pleasant surprise to see him there.
3. Hamlet said, “How unlucky I am that I cannot find out
any solution!”
Hamlet exclaimed sorrow that he was very
unlucky that he could not find out any solution.
4. The captain said, “Bravo ! well done, boys!”
The captain applauded the boys saying
that they had done well.
5. The leader said, “Alas! We have lost the game.”
The leader exclaimed with sorrow that
they had lost the game.
6. Boys said,” Hurrah! We have won the match!”
Boys exclaimed with joy that they had won the
match.
7. She said,” What a beautiful weather it is!”
She exclaimed that it was a very
beautiful weather.
8. Father said, “What a lazy fellow she is!”
Father exclaimed that she was a very lazy
fellow.
9. The cobbler said,” How stupid I am!”
The cobbler exclaimed that he was very
stupid.
10. The girl said, ”What a stupid fellow I am!”
The girl exclaimed that she
was a stupid fellow.
11. The captain said, "Good morning, Friends!"
The captain bade his friends good morning.
12. The leader said, “Farewell, my countrymen!"
The leader bade his countrymen farewell.
13. The boy said, "If I were a king!"
The boy wished that he had been a king.
14. The old lady said, "May you live long, my son!"
The old lady prayed that her son might live long.
15. They said," May you
live a long and prosperous life!"
They prayed that
you might live a long and prosperous life.
¸iyZ¡c~Y© wKQz Narration
1.
R-ed G Yes/ Ok _vK‡j replied in the affirmative
and said that e‡m| No _vK‡j replied in the Negative and said that e‡m| †hgbt
D: Yes, I
have finished reading the book,” I replied.
I: I replied in the
affirmative and said that I had finished reading the book.
D: Rahim said to me, “OK,
I will go to your house.”
I: Rahim replied in
the affirmative and said that he would go to our house.
D: No, I
have not seen him today,” I said.
I: I replied in the
negative and said that I had not seen him that day.
2.
Must _vK‡j have to /had to /has to e‡m| †hgbt
D: The boy said, I must go
there.”
I: The boy said that he
had to go there.
D: The teacher said to the
boys, “You must obey your superiors.”
I: The Teacher said to the
boys that they must obey their superiors.
3. Good Morning/ afternoon/
evening/ night _vK‡j wish/wished nq|
Ex: D: I said to him, “Good
morning.”
I: I wished
him good morning.
D: He said to me, “Good
night.”
I: I He wished
me good night.
D: The teacher said to us,
“Good afternoon to all of you.”
I: The teacher wished
good afternoon to all of us.
4.
Good bye _vK‡j bade nq.
Ex: D: He said, “Good bye my friends.”
I: He bade
his friends good bye.
5.
Thank you _vK‡j thank/thanked nq.
Ex: D:
He said to me, “Thank you.”
I: He thanked
me.
6. Reported G By
Allah/ By God / By my love/ By my life _v‡K Z‡e Indirect Gi ïiy‡Z
Swearing by Allah/God/life e‡m| †hgbt
D: By Allah, he replied,”
I will not leave this house.
I: Swearing by Allah he
replied that he would not leave the house.
7.
msw¶ß k‡ãi
cwieZ©bt
I’m (I am) , I’ve (I have) , I’ll
(I will, I shall) , You’re (You are) , He’s (He is, he has) , You’ve (You have)
, We’re (We are), What’s (What is) , They’re (They are) , ain’t (am not, are
not), aren’t (are not) , wasn’t ( was not) , shan’t (shall not) , shalln’t(
Shall not), Wouldn’t (would not), Hadn’t (had not) etc.
D: He said, “I’m the boy.”
I : He said that he was the boy.
D: He said, “I’ll not go to school.”
I: He said that he would not go to school.
Turn the following sentences into indirect speech.
1.
‘What do you want?’ she asked him.
2. ‘Are you coming with us?’ he asked me.
3. He asked, ‘When do you intend to make the payment?’
4. ‘Do you come from
5. The poor man exclaimed, ‘Will none of you help me?’
6. ‘Which way should I go?’ asked the little girl.
7. Alladin said to the magician, ‘What have I done to deserve
so severe a punishment?’
8. ‘Don’t you know the way home?’ I said to her.
9. ‘Do you write a good hand?’ the teacher said to the
student.
10. ‘Have you anything to say on behalf of the accused?’ said
the judge finally.
11. ‘Have you anything to tell me, little bird?’ asked
Ulysses.
12. ‘Who are you, sir, and what do you want?’ they asked.
13. The king was impressed with the magician and asked, ‘What
can I do for you?’
14. She asked, ‘What is it that makes you stronger and braver
than other men?’
15. ‘Can you solve this problem?’ he asked me.
Answers
1.
She asked him what he wanted.
2. He asked me if I was coming/going with them.
3. He enquired when I/he/she intended to make the payment.
4. The prince asked the girl if she came from
5. The poor man exclaimed whether none of them would help
him.
6. The little girl asked which way she should go.
7. Alladin asked the magician what he had done to deserve so
severe a punishment.
8. I asked her whether she did not know the way home.
9. The teacher asked the student if he/she wrote a good hand.
10. The judge finally asked whether he/she had anything to
say on behalf of the accused.
11. Ulysses asked the little bird whether it had anything to
tell him.
12. They asked who he was and what he wanted.
13. The king was impressed with the magician and asked what
he could do for him.
14. She asked him what was it that made him stronger and
braver than other men.
15. He asked me if I could solve that problem.
Re-write the following in the indirect
speech:
1.
The farmers say, “I am busy.”
2.
He said, “I do it.”
3.
He said, “I wrote a letter.”
4.
He said, “I had passed the examination.”
5.
He said, “I shall play football.”
6.
He said, “I shall go to Dhala tomorrow.”
7.
Jalil said to me, “You are ill.”
8.
She said, “We ought to go.”
9.
Moinul said to me, “I shall be greatful if you help me.”
10.
“Do you know the way to the station?” She said to Mary.
11.
“Does she require any help?” the old man asked me.
12.
“Have you brought a pen for me?” the girl said to her father.
13.
I said to the man, “Who are you?”
14.
“Where do you live?” asked the stranger.
15.
He said to me, “Which book do you want?”
16.
Father said me, “Go home at once.”
17.
The teacher said to me , “Don’t come here.”
18.
He said to me, “Please open the door.”
19.
Mother said to him, “Don’t run in the sun.”
20.
I said to him, “May you be happy.”
21.
I said to him, “May God bless you.”
22.
The boys said, “Hurrah! We have won the match.”
23.
He said to me, “Alas! I could not save you.”
24.
He said, “What a nice bird it is!”
25.
Mr. Selim said to his friend, “What time is it? My watch has stopped.
26.
My friend said to me, “Go home.”
27.
The speaker said to them, “Friends, be not impatient.”
28.
I said to him, “Let us have some milk.”
29.
He said to me, “Are you a student?”
30.
They said to me, “Who are you and what do you want?”
Solution
1. The farmers says that he
is busy.
2. He said that he did it.
3. He said that he had
written a letter.
4. He said that he had passed
the examination.
5. He said that he would play
football.
6. He said that he would go
to
7. Jalil told me that I was
ill.
8. She said that they ought
to go.
9. Moinul told me that he
would be grateful if I helped him.
10. She asked Mary if/weather
she (M) knew the way to the station.
11. The old man asked me if
she required any help.
12. The girl asked her father
if he had brought a pen for her.
13. I asked the man who is
he.
14. The stranger asked (him)
where he lived.
15. He asked me which book I
wanted.
16. Father ordered me to go
home at once.
17. The teacher ordered me no
to come there.
18. He requested me to open
the door.
19. Mother advised him not to
run in the sun.
20. I wished that he might be
happy.
21. Mother prayed that God
might bless me.
22. The boys exclaimed with
joy that they had won the match.
23. He exclaimed in grief
that he could not save me.
24. He exclaimed in wonder
that it is a very nice bird.
25. Mr. Selim asked his
friend what time it was and added that his watch had stopped.
26. My friend ordered me to
go home.
27. Addressing them as
friends the speaker urged them not to be impatient.
28. I proposed to him we
should have some milk.
29. He said to me if I was a
student.
30. They asked me who I was
and what I wanted.
Exercise-2
1.
Hasan asked, “Have
you ever been to cox’s Bazar?”. “No,
I have never
1 3 2 3 5 6
7
gone there,” replied
Mamun. “But I long for
visiting the place.” “I had an
4 8 9 11
12
opportunity
to visit the sea-beach last year,” said Hasan. “How
charming
10 16
the scenery is!”
14
15
Ans:
Hasan
asked Mamun if he
had ever been to Cox’s Bazar. Mamun replied
1
2 3
4
in the negative that he
had never gone there. He added that he
longed for
5 6 7
8 9
visiting
place. Hasan said that he had
an opportunity to visit the sea-beach
10 11 12
last
year. He exclaimed with joy that the scenery
was very charming.
13
14 15 16
Exercise-3
Rewrite the following passage changing the form of speech:
1. Oh, my Lord,
please do not kill the child.” said the woman. “Let her have him”said the king.
“Now everything is clear to me.” Pointing the woman, he said to the servant, “Give
her the child. She is the mother of the baby.”(ÒgnvivR,wkïwU‡K
nZ¨v Ki‡eb bv|Ó gwnjvwU ej‡jb|I‡K (wkï‡K) Zvi (gwnjv) Kv‡Q w`‡q `vI|Óej‡jb
ivRv| GLb mewKQz cwi¯‹vi n‡q †M‡Q Avgvi Kv‡Q|ÓgwnjvwU‡K †`wL‡q w`‡q wZwb f„Z¨‡K
ej‡jb,Ó wkïwU‡K Zvi Kv‡Q `vI|DwbB GB wkïi gv|Ó)
Answer: The woman addressed her the king as her lord and told him
(king) not to kill him (child).Then the king ordered
his servant to let her(the woman) have him (child).Again the king
said that everything was clear to him(king) then. Pointing to the
woman, he again told his servant to give her the child. The king said
that she was the mother of the baby.
2. Have you
heard the name of Aesop?” asked the teacher. No, Sir, who was he?” “Read the
lesson attentively and then you will be able to know about him.” “ How
interesting and instructive his fables are!” said the teacher. (Ò‡Zvgiv wK Cmc Gi bvg ï‡bQ?Ó wk¶K wR‡Ám Ki‡jb| Òbv,m¨vi,wZwb †K wQ‡jb?Ó ÒcovwU
g‡bv‡hvM w`‡q coGes Zvn‡j Zzwg Zviu mg‡Ü Rvb‡Z cvi‡e|Zvi KíKvwnbx Kx gRvi Ges
wk¶Yxq|Ó wk¶K ej‡jb|)
Answer: The teacher asked his student if he had heard the
name of Aesop. He (S) respectfully replied in the negative and
asked him (T) who he was. The teacher advised him to read the lesson
attentively and then he would be able to know about him. The teacher
exclaimed that his fables are very
interesting and instructive.
3. You have cut
off your hair,” asked Jim, “Cut it off and sold it,”said Della. “Don’t you like
me just as well any how? I’m me, without my hair, ain’t I?” (ÒZzwg †Zvgvi Pzj †K‡U †d‡jQÓwRg ejj,
†K‡UwQ Ges wewµ K‡iwQÓ †Wjv ejj, ÒZzwg wK †h‡Kv‡bv fv‡eB Av‡Mi g‡ZvB Avgv‡K
c›Q` Ki‡e bv|Ó Avgvi Pzj QvovI Avwg †Zv AvwgB ZvB bv?Ó)
Answer: Jim asked Della if
she had cut off her hair. She replied that she had
cut off her hair and sold it. Then
she asked him if he didn’t like her just as well any
how. She added that she was her without her hair.To get
confirmation she further asked him if she was not so.
4. The traveler
said to the peasant, can you tell me the way to the nearest
Answer: The traveler asked the peasant if he could
tell him the way to the nearest
5. Have you cut
your hair off’ asked Jim. “Cut it off and sold it,” said Della. “Don’t you like
me just as well, anyhow? I’m me without my hair, am’t I ?”( Zywg wK
†Zvgvi Pzj †K‡U †d‡jQ?Ó wRg ejj|ÒGUv †K‡U †d‡jwQ Ges wewµ K‡i w`‡qwQ,Ó †Wjv
ejj|Zzwg wK Avgv‡K wVK Ggbfv‡e cQ›` KiQ bv,†h‡Kvb fv‡e?Avgvi Pzj Qvov‡Zv Avwg
AvwgB AvwQ,AvwQ bv?Ó
Answer: Jim asked Della if she (D) had cut her
hair off. Della said that she had cut it off and sold it. She asked
him if he didn’t like her just as well, anyhow. She added that
she was she without her hair.
6. why are putting
up the food in your pocket, Sir? Why don’t you eat?” asked the noble man. “I am
doing the right thing. My dress deserves these rich dishes,” replied Sheikh
Saddi. “ I don’t understand what do you mean to say.” Said the noble man ,. “And
I’m sorry.”(ÓRbve, Avcwb Avcbvi Lvevi
†Kb c‡K‡U ivL‡Qb?Ó Avcwb †Kb Lv‡”Qb bv ? m¤ª¢vš—/gnvb †jvKwU ejj | ÓAvwg mwVK
KvRwU KiwQ, GB `vgx Lvevi ¸‡jv GB †cvkv‡Ki Rb¨ gvbvbmB,Ó ‡kL mv`x DËi w`j |
ÓAvwg eyS‡Z cviwQ bv Avcwb wK ej‡Z Pv‡”QbÓ
m¤£vš— †jvKwU ejj,ÓGes Avwg `ytwLZ |)
Answer: The noble man respectfully asked Sheikh Saddi why he
was putting up the food in his pocket and why he did not eat.
Sheikh Saddi replied that he was doing the right thing and added
that his dress deserved those rich
dishes. The noble man told him that he did not understand what he
meant to say. He further told that he was sorry.
7. will you buy
my hair,” asked Della.”I buy hair,” said Madame. Take your hat off and let’s
have a sight at the looks of it.” Twenty dollars,” said Madame. “Give it me
quick “said Della.(ÒAvcwb wK
Avgvi Pzj wKb‡eb?Ó †Wjv wR‡Ám Kij| Ò Avwg Pzj wKwb,Ó g¨vWvg ej‡jb| Ò‡Zvgvi Uzwc
†LvjGes Avgv‡K †Zvgvi Pzj †`LvI|Ó Òwek Wjvi,Ó| ÒAvgv‡K ZvovZvwo ZvB w`b,†Wjv
ejj|
Answer: Della asked Madame if she (M) would buy her
(D) hair.Madame replied that she(M) bought hair. Then she (M) told
her(D) to take her (D) hat off and let them have a sight at
the looks of the hair. After that Madame said that she (M)
would give her (D) twenty dollars for her (D) hair. Della agreed
and requested her (M) to give the money to her quickly.
8. Follow my
example” she said, as we shook hands” and never eat more than one thing for
luncheon “I’ll do better than that” I said. I’ll eat nothing for dinner tonight.”
“Humorist,” she cried gaily, jumping into a cab.”(ÒAvgvi
`„óvš— Abymib Ki”b,Ó †m ejj hLb Avgiv Kig`©b KiwQjvg, ÒAvi ga¨vü †fv‡Ri Rb¨ GKUv Lvev‡ii †ewk Lv‡eb
bv||Ó ÔAvwg †mUvi †_‡K I wKQy fvj wKQy Kie|,Ó Avwg ejjvg, ÒAvwg AvR iv‡Z
ˆbk‡fv‡Ri Rb¨ wKQyB Lve bv|Ó)
Answer: As he shook hands, she ordered me to follow her
example and never to eat more than one thing for luncheon. I said
(her) that I would do better than and added that I would eat nothing
for dinner that night. Jumping into a cab, she cried gaily and
said humorist.
9. “Porter, you
may go,” said the mistress of the house, laughing. “You have gained your
freedom.” “By Allah,” he replied. “I will not leave this house until I have
heard the stories of my companies.”
(Ògy‡U,Zzwg †h‡Z cvi,Ó evwoi M„nKÎx© nvm‡Z nvm‡Z ej‡jb| ÒZzwg gyw³ †c‡qQ|Ó ÒAvjvni
Kmg,Ó †m Reve w`j| ÒAvwg Avgvi m½x‡`i Mí bv ï‡b GB evwo Z¨vM Kie bv|)
Answer: The mistress of the house told the porter laughing that he
might go and added that he had gained his freedom. Swearing by Allah the
porter replied that he would not leave that house until he had heard
the stories of his companions.
10.
I came here yesterday from my village,” he said. “Why did you come?” I asked,
‘My mother sent me to you with this letter.” How is your mother? I have not
seen her a long time. I hope she is quite well.(ÒAvwg
MZKvj MÖvg †_‡K G‡mwQ,Ó †m ejj|Zzwg †Kb G‡m‡Qv?Ó Avwg wR‡Ám Kijvg| Ò Avgvi gv
GB wPwVwU w`‡q Avgv‡K Avcbvi Kv‡Q cvwV‡q‡Qb|Ó Ò †Zvgvi gv †Kgb Av‡Qb? Avwg Zv‡K
eûw`b †`wLwb|Avwg Avkv KiwQ wZwb fvj Av‡Qb|Ó
Answer: He told me that he had gone there the previous day
from his village. I asked him why he had gone. He replied that
his mother had sent him to me with that letter. I again
asked him how his mother was. I told him that I had not seen her for
a long time. I added that I hopped, she was quiet well.
11.
Once I asked a little girl, “What is your mother’s name?” “I know my mother’s
name but I won’t tell you that.” “I don’t tell my mother’s name to anybody whom
I don’t know. She said, “What a clever girl you are!”(
GK`v Avwg GKwU wgwó †QvÆ †g‡q‡K wRÁvmv Kijvg, Ò‡Zvgvi gv‡qi bvg wK?Ó †m
PvZz‡h©i mv‡_ Reve w`j, Ò Avwg Avgvi gv‡qi bvg Rvwb wKš— eje bv|Ó Avwg ejjvg,
ÒZzwg Kx eyw×gwZ †g‡q!Ó ÒAvwg Avgvi gv‡qi bvg Zv‡K ewj bv hv‡K Avwg wPwb bv,Ó
†m AvZ¥wek¦v‡mi mv‡_ ejj|)
Answer: Once I asked a little girl what her mother’s name was.
She replied that she knew her mother’s name but she would not tell
me that. She also said that she did not tell her mother’s name to
anybody whom she did not know. I exclaimed with wonder that she was a
very clever girl.
12.
Could I help you, sir?” said the receptionist. The man replied, Sure, I want to
meet the Managing Director of the company.” The receptionist said, Do you have
an appointment?” Yes, I have,” he said.(ÒAvMš‘K
evjKwU‡K ej‡jb, ÒZzwg wK Avgv‡K wbKUZg †nv‡U‡j hvevi c_Uv ‡`wL‡q †`‡e?Ó
Òn¨vu,†`Lve,Avcwb wK †Kvb AvevwmK †nv‡Uj Pvb †hLv‡b Avcwb ivZ KvUv‡Z cvi‡eb?Ó
evjKwU ejj, ÒAvwg GLv‡b Ae¯’vb Ki‡Z PvB bv,eis Avwg GK †ejvi Lvevi PvBÓ AvMš‘K
Reve w`j| evjKwU ejj, ÒAvgvi mv‡_ Avmyb|)
Answer: The receptionist addressing the man as sir asked him if he
(R) could help him (M).The man replied in the affirmative and said that
he wanted to meet the Managing Director of the company. The receptionist
asked if he (M) had an appointment. He replied in the affirmative and
said that he (M) had.
13. “Will you come to my house tomorrow?” I said
to the boy, ‘We can discuss terms and conditions then.” “I shall be very happy
to meet you at your house. Thank you so much,” he replied.( ÒZywg wK AvMvgxKvj Avgvi evwo‡Z
Avm‡e?Ó Avwg †Q‡jwU‡K ejjvg|ÔAvgiv ZLb aviv I kZ©vejx wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cvwi|Ó
ÒAvwg Avcbvi evwo‡Z wM‡q †`Lv Ki‡Z cvi‡j LyeB Lywk ne|Avcbv‡K A‡bK ab¨ev`, ‡m
Reve w`j|)
Answer: I asked the boy if he would go to my house the
following day. I added that we could discuss terms and conditions then.
He replied that he would be very happy to meet me at my house. He
thanked me very much.
14.
The stranger said to the boy, “Will you tell me the way to the nearest hotel?” “Yes,
I will. Do you want a residential one in which can spend the night?” the boy
said. “I don’t want to say there, but only want a meal,” the stranger replied.
The boy said , “Follow me.”(ÒAvMš‘K
evjKwU‡K ej‡jb, ÒZzwg wK Avgv‡K wbKUZg †nv‡U‡j hvevi c_Uv †`wL‡q w`‡e?Ó
Òn¨vu,†`Lve,Avcwb wK †Kvb AvevwmK †nv‡Uj Pvb †hLv‡b Avcwb ivZ KvUv‡Z cvi‡eb?Ó
evjKwU ejj, ÒAvwg GLv‡b Ae¯’vb Ki‡Z PvB bv,eis Avwg GK †ejvi Lvevi PvBÓAvMš‘K
Reve w`j|evjKwU ejj, ÒAvgvi mv‡_ Avmyb|Ó)
Answer: The stranger asked the boy if he would tell him the way
to the nearest hotel. The boy replied in the affirmative and said that he
would. The boy asked him if he wanted a residential one in which he
could spend the night. The stranger replied that he did not want to
stay there, but he only wanted a meal. The boy told the stranger to
follow him.
15. “Where are you going?” said the merchant. “I
was coming to see you.” “What do you want?” “To earn my bread by the labor of
my hands.” “Do you really work?” said the merchant. “Yes, if you have any”.
Then follow me and carry a box from a shop to my house.” “I do not see how I
can do that.” said the youth .( ÒZzwg
†Kv_vq hv”Q?ÕewYK ej‡jb,ÒAvwg Avcbvi mv‡_ †`Lv Ki‡Z G‡mwQjvg|Ó ÒZzwg Kx PvI?Ó
ÒwbR nv‡Z cwikªg i”wR †ivRMvi Ki‡Z PvB|Ó ÒZzwg wK mwZ¨B KvR PvI?ÓewYK ej‡jb|
Òn¨vu,hw` Avcbvi Kv‡Q †Kvb KvR _v‡K|Ó ÒZvn‡j Avgv‡K AbymiY Ki Ges †`vKvb †_‡K
Avgvi evmv ch©š— GKwU ev·ª enb K‡i wb‡q
`vI|Ó ÒAvwg ey‡SwQ bv Kxfv‡e Avwg †mUv Ki‡Z cvwvi,|ÓheyKwU ejj|)
Answer: The Merchant asked the youth where he(y) was going. The
youth replied that he (y) had been coming to see him (m).Again
the merchant asked him(y) what he wanted. The youth said that
he(y) wanted to earn his (y) bread by the labour of his (y) hands.
The merchant again asked the boy if he (Y) really wanted to
work. The youth replied in the affirmative that if he (M) had any. Then
the merchant ordered the youth to follow him (M) and to carry
a box from a ship to his (m) house. The youth said that he (Y)
did not see how he (Y) could do that.
16.
A hawker said, “Will you buy any paper? I have all types of newspaper and
magazines .Please take one from me.” “I buy books but now I need a weekly. Don’t you have any weekly magazine ?” said Susmita.(‡dwiIqvjv ejj, ÒAvcwb wK †Kvb cwÎKv
wKb‡eb?Avgvi Kv‡Q meai‡bi Le‡Ri KvMR Ges g¨vMvwRb Av‡Q|AbyMÖn K‡i Avgvi KvQ
†_‡K GKwU wbb|Ó ÒAvwg eB wKwb wKš— GLb Avgvi GKwU mvßvwnK cÖ‡qvRb|‡Zvgvi wK
†Kvb mvßvwnK g¨vMvwRb †bB?Ó myw¤§Zv ejj|)
Answer:A Hawker asked Susmita if she (S) would buy
any paper. He(H) also said that he (H) had all types of newspapers and
magazines. Again he requested her(S) to take one from him(H).
Susmita replied that she(S) bought books but then she (S) needed
a weekly. She also asked him (H) if he (H) didn’t have any weekly
magazine.
17.
“You look as a little bit like my mother,” he said, “especially in the dark by
the fire.” “But you were only four Jerry, when you came here. You have
remembered how she looked all these years?” “My mother lives in Mannville,” he
said.(“ ZvAvcbv‡K †`L‡Z mvgvb¨B
Avgvi gv‡qi gZ,Ó †m ejj, Òwe‡kl K‡i AÜKv‡i Av¸‡bi cv‡k|Ó ÓwKš‘ †Rix,†Zvgvi eqm
†Zv ZLb gvÎ Pvi eQi wQj hLb Zzwg GLv‡b G‡mwQj|‡Zvgvi wK g‡b c‡o GZ eQ‡iI †m
†`L‡Z †Kgb wQj?Ó ‡jwLKv ej‡jb|Ò Avgvi gv g¨vbwfj G evm K‡ib,Ó †m ejj|)
Answer: Jerry told authoress that she looked
a little bit like his mother especially in the dark by the fire. But
Being surprised she told him that he had been only four when he had gone
there. The authoress asked him (J) if he had remembered how she
(Jerry’s mother) had looked all those years. Finally Jerry (J) replied
that his mother lived in Manville.
18.
“May I come in sir?” A boy standing at the door said to him. Then without
waiting for his reply the boy entered the room and said, “Sir, I have come from
Palaspur with a letter from Mr. Ajit Bose? How is he?” He said smiling. “He is
not well. He has been suffering from a serious illness for two years.” The boy
said “How sad it is! May God cure him?” He said.(Ò‡fZ‡i
Avm‡Z cvwi,m¨vi?Ó `iRvq `vouv‡bv GKwU evjK Zv‡K ejj|Zvici Zvi Dˇii A‡c¶v bv
K‡i evjKwU N‡i cÖ‡ek Kij Ges ejj, Òm¨vi, Avwg Rbve AwRZ †ev‡mi KvQ †_‡K GKwU
wPwV wb‡q cjvkcyi †_‡K G‡mwQ|Ó ÒAwRZ †evm? †m †Kgb Av‡Q?Ó nvwmgy‡L †m ejj|ÒwZwb
fvj †bB|wZwb `yeQi hver GKwU KwVb †iv‡M fyM‡Qb,Ó evjKwU ejj| ÒKZB bv cwiZv‡ci
welq GwUÒ †Lv`v Zv‡K my¯’ Ki”b,Ó wZwb ej‡jb|)
Answer: A boy standing at the door, addressing him as sir asked him
if/ he(B) might come in. Then without waiting for his (S) reply the
boy entered the room and respectfully said that he (B) had come from
Palashpur with a letter from Mr. Ajit Bose. He asked smiling if he had
really come from Ajit Bose. He again asked how he was. The boy replied
that he was not well and added that he had been suffering from a
serious illness for two years. He(S) exclaimed with grief that it was
very sad and prayed that God might cure him.
19.
“Follow my example” she said, as we shook hands” and never eat more than one
thing for luncheon “I’ll do better than that” I said. I’ll eat nothing for
dinner tonight.” (ÒAvgvi
`„óvš— Abymib Ki”b,Ó †m ejj hLb Avgiv Kig`©b KiwQjvg, ÒAvi ga¨vü †fv‡Ri Rb¨ GKUv Lvev‡ii †ewk Lv‡eb
bv||Ó ÔAvwg †mUvi †_‡K I wKQy fvj wKQy Kie|,Ó Avwg ejjvg, ÒAvwg AvR iv‡Z
ˆbk‡fv‡Ri Rb¨ wKQyB Lve bv|Ó)
Answer: As he shook hands, she ordered me to follow her
example and never to eat more than one thing for luncheon. I said
(her) that I would do better than that and also said that I would
eat nothing for dinner that night.
20. “Will you go to college today?” the
mother said to her son.”No mother. Our classes are suspended.” “Then go to the
market and bring some vegetables.” “Let me be ready and give me money. (ÒZzwg wK AvR K‡j‡R hv‡e?Ó gv Zvui cy·K
ej‡jb| Òbv,gv| Avgv‡`i K¬vm ¯nwMZ Kiv n‡q‡Q|ÓZvn‡j evRv‡i hvI Ges wKQy kvKmewR
wb‡q Avm|Ó ÒAvgv‡K ˆZwi n‡Z `vI Ges wKQy UvKv `vI|Ó)
Answer: The mother asked her son if he (S) would go to
college that day.The son addressing as mother replied in the negative
that their classes were suspended. Then the mother ordered her son to go
to the market and bring some vegetables. The son told his mother that he
might be ready and told her
to give him(S) some money.
21. “I’ll pay for it.” he said.”I broke
it.I brought the axe down careless .”“ But no one hits accurately every time.
Jerry, Moreover, the fault was in the wood of the handle. I”ll see the man who
I have bought it from “ I told him. (ÒAvwg Gi `vg †`e,Ó †m ejj| ÒAvwg GUv
†f‡½wQ|Avwg Amveav‡b KzovjwU Øviv †Kvc w`‡qwQjvg|Ó ÒwKš—y †KD †Zv memgq
mwVKfv‡e †Kvc †`q bv,Ó Avwg Zv‡K ejjvg|Òmgm¨vwU wQj nvZ‡ji Kv‡V| hvi KvQ †_‡K
Avwg GUv wK‡bwQ Zvi m‡½ Avwg †`Lv Kie|Ó
Answer: He said that he would pay for it. He further said
that he had broken it and had brought the axe down careless. I told
him that no one hit accurately every time and added that the fault had
been in the wood of the handle. I again told him that I would see
the man from whom I had bought it.
22. “Why don’t you attend classes
regularly?” the teacher said to the student, “You can’t expect great results
unless you attend classes as I tell you .”“I am sorry sir,I have offended you
,” said the student . (ÒZzwg K¬v‡m wbqwgZ Dcw¯’Z _vK bv †Kb?Ó
wk¶K Qv·K ej‡jb| ÒZzwg fvj djvdj Avkv Ki‡Z cvi bv hw` bv Avwg †Zvgv‡K †hgb
e‡jwQ †Zgb K¬v‡m Dcw¯’Z _vK|Ó ÒAvwg `ytwLZ,m¨vi, Avwg Avcbv‡K AvNvZ w`‡qwQ,Ó
QvÎwU ejj|)
Answer: The teacher asked the student why he(S) did not/ attend
classes regularly. He also said that he(S) could not expect good results
unless he(S) attended classes as he (t)told him (S).Addressing as sir
respectfully the student said that he(S) was sorry, as he (S) had
offended him(T)
23. “Have you seen your mother, Jerry?”“I
see her every summer .She was sends for me “I wanted to cry out.” Why are you
not with her? How can she let you go away again?” He said,She comes up here
from Manville whenever she can .She does not have a job now.”(ÒZzwg wK †Zvgvi gv‡K †`‡LQ,†Rwi?Ó Avwg
Zv‡K MÖx‡¯§ †`wL|wZwb Avgv‡K †W‡K cvVvb|Ó Avgvi wPrKvi w`‡Z B”Qv nj|ÒZzwg †Kb
Zvi mv‡_ _vK bv? †Zvgv‡K wZwb Kx K‡i Avevi P‡j †h‡Z ‡`b|Ó †m ejj, Ò †m
g¨v‡bbwfj †_‡K GLv‡b Av‡mb hLb mgq cvb|Zvi GLb PvKzwi †bB|)
Answer: The writer asked
Jerry if he had seen her mother. Jerry replied that he saw her
every summer and added that she sent for him. She wanted to cry
out and asked him why he was not with her and how she could let him
go away again. He said that she came up there from Mannville whenever she
could. He also told that she did
not have a job then.
24. “Where are you from?” said the
teacher. “I am from
Answer: The teacher asked the student where she was from.
The student replied that he was from
25. Once I asked a little girl, “What is
your mother’s name?” She replied cleverly, “I know my mother’s name but I won’t
tell you that.” I said, “What a clever girl you are! May you prosper in life.”
”(GK`v Avwg GKwU wgwó †QvÆ †g‡q‡K wRÁvmv
Kijvg, Ò‡Zvgvi gv‡qi bvg wK?Ó †m PvZz‡h©i mv‡_ Reve w`j,Ò Avwg Avgvi gv‡qi bvg
Rvwb wKš— eje bv|Ó Avwg ejjvg, ÒZzwg Kx eyw×gwZ †g‡q!Ó Zzwg Rxe‡b mdjKvg nI|Ó
Answer: Once I asked a sweet little girl what her mother’s
name was. She replied cleverly that she knew her mother’s name. She also
said that she would not tell me that. I exclaimed with wonder that
she was a very clever girl and I wished that she might
prosper in life.
26. “Where is my son?” said the Grocer. “A
crow carried you son away” said the fruit seller. “You liar. How can a crow carry
away such a big boy?” “Just the same way as mice can eat away the balance and
weights.”( Avgvi †Q‡j †Kv_vq?gyw`
‡`vKvb`vi ejj| ÒGKwU KvK †Zvgvi †Q‡j‡K wb‡q †M‡Q, Ódj we‡µZv ejj| ÒZzwg
wg‡_¨ev`x|KvK Kxfv‡e GZ eo †Q‡j‡K wb‡Z cv‡i?Ó ÒwVK †hfv‡e B`yui `vuwocvjv Ges
evULviv †L‡q †dj‡Z cv‡i|Ó
Answer: The Grocer asked the fruit seller where is (g)son
was. The fruit seller replied that a crow had carried his (g) son
away. The grocer called the fruit seller liar and asked how a
crow could carry away such a big boy. The fruit seller told the
grocer that the same way as mice could eat away the balance and
weights.
27. “Where did you go yesterday?” said
Lipi.” I went to
Answer: Lipi asked Mina where
she (m) had gone the previous day. Mina replied that she
(m) had gone to
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